Persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations about oneself, others, or the world (e.g., "I am bad," "no one can be trusted," "the world is completely dangerous," "my whole nervousness system is permanently ruined."). Negative alterations in cognitions and mood associated with the traumatic events(s), beginning or worsening after the traumatic event(s), as evidenced by two (or more) of the following: Inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic events(s) (typically due to dissociative amnesia and not to other factors such as head injury, alcohol, or drugs).Avoidance of or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s).Īvoidance of or efforts to avoid external reminders (people, places, conversations, activities, objects, situations) that arouse distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s). Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning after the traumatic event(s) occurred, as evidenced by one or both of the following.Marked physiological reactions to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s)." Intense or prolonged psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s). In children, trauma-specific reenactment may occur in play. (Such reactions may occur on a continuum, with the extreme expression being a complete loss of awareness of present surroundings). Recurrent distressing dreams in which the content and/or effect of the dream are related to the traumatic event(s).ĭissociative reactions (e.g., flashbacks) in which the individual feels or acts as if the trauma event(s) were recurring. In children older than 6, there may be frightening dreams without recognizable content. The presence of one (or more) of the following intrusion symptoms associated with the traumatic event(s) occurred: Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event(s).This does not apply to exposure through electronic media, television, movies, or pictures unless this exposure is work-related." In actual or threatened cases by the death of a family member or friend, the events(s) must have been violent or accidental. Learning that the traumatic events(s) occurred to a close family member or close friend. Witnessing, in person, the events(s) as it occurred to others.Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s).Įxposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one (or more) of the following ways: In general, PTSD symptoms can be group into four different categories, and within them, several different symptoms can persist:Īs you continue to read, you will learn more about these clusters and the symptoms that belong in them, and how they go into making a diagnosis by reading about the PTSD symptoms DSM-5 criteria.ĭSM-5 Criteria For Posttraumatic Stress Disorderīelow you will find all of the information that goes into making a diagnosis for PTSD. Certain ethnic groups in the United States are also more prone to it, namely Latinos, African-Americans, and Native Americans. Īnyone can develop PTSD, and it can begin at a very early age however, women are more likely to have the disorder than men are. Each year, it affects over 3 percent of the United States population. While PTSD is well-known by the public as a condition that can affect military personnel involved in combat, as you can see, the condition is much more than that and can happen due to a wide array of potential causes.īecause of this, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms are also a lot more common than many people believe - it is estimated that one in 11 individuals will struggle with PTSD in their lifetimes.
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